have/has+past participle   she’s started the assignment

have/hasnot+past participle  I haven’t started the assignment

Have/has….+past participle?  Have you started the assignment

We use the present perfect simple
to talk about a time period that is not finished  e.g.today, this week )

I’ve written a rough plan this morning. it is still morning )
I’ve written a rough plan                                       NOW
                      ↓                                                               ↓
→THIS MORNING
To show that something happened at some point in the past before now:We don’t state when it happened

I’ve collected plenty of information.at some point before now and I will use it to write my essayThe following time expressions are often used:ever,never,before,up to now,still,so far

It’s the longest I’ve ever had to write.at any point before now

If we state when something happened we must use the simple past

I wasted a lot of time last week. not I have wasted a lot of time last week

to talk about a present situation which started in the past,usually with for/since

I’ve worked really hard
for the last two weeks
-------------------------------→NOW
←2weeks→        
I’ve worked really hard for the last two weeks.I’ve worked hard till now

We use for with a length of time (e.g. for two hours,for three days,for six months ) and since with a point in time (e.g.since 2001, since Monday,since ten o’clock,since I was four ,since I started the course

to talk about something that happened at an unstated time in the past but is connected to the present

I’ve read all the books on the reading list. I have the notes now

The following time expressions are often used:recently,just,already,and yet with negatives or questions

I’ve just got up

Have you written your assignment yet

Compare the use of the present perfect with the past simple

Present perfect
Links the past with present

I’ve made quite a lot of notes.at some point before now and I may more notes

does not talk about a specific time in the past

Have you read the leaflet ?at some time before now

uses time expressions that show the time  period is unfinished

I’ve read six articles this week. the week isn’t finished

Note the position of the following time expressions that occur with the present perfect

between the auxiliary and main verb (e.g.recently ,already ,always, ever,just ,never )
I’ve already written the notes

I’ve just finished my essay

Ever is generally used with questions or negatives

Have you ever been to Buenos Aires

after the main verb (e.g.all my life,every day, yet, before, for ages, for two weeks, since 2003, since I was a child etc.

I’ve felt tired for weeks

I haven’t flown before

If there is an object clause, the time expression comes at the end

I’ve gone to bed early every night since then

I’ve written more than ten assignments since I started this course

Present perfect continuous
have/has been+verb+-ing   I’ve been studying really hardhave/has not been+verb+-ing He hasn’t been studying really hardhave/has…been+verb+-ing  Have you been studying really hard
We can use either the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous to say how long a situation or activity has been going on ( often with for or since )
I’ve felt tired for weeks
I’ve been feeling tired since I started this course
I’ve worked at the restaurant since I moved here
I’ve been working at the restaurant for three years

Compare the different uses of the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous

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